Sir Henry Christopher Mance (1840–1926), of the British Army Signal Corps, developed the first widely accepted heliograph about 1869^[1][19][20] while stationed at Karachi, in the Bombay Presidency in British India. Mance was familiar with heliotropes by their use for the Great India Survey.^[8] The Mance Heliograph was operated easily by one man, and since it weighed about seven pounds, the operator could readily carry the device and its tripod. The British Army tested the heliograph in India at a range of 35 miles with favorable results.^[21] During the Jowaki Afridi expedition sent by the British-Indian government in 1877, the heliograph was first tested in war.^[22][23]